Procedure Overview
A Colonoscopy is a visual examination of the entire large intestine (colon) and rectum using a flexible colonoscope. It serves as the procedure used for screening colorectal cancer, removing precancerous polyps (polypectomy), and investigating chronic bowel symptoms such as persistent diarrhea, bleeding, or unexplained weight loss.
Clinical Indications for Screening Colonoscopy
- Colorectal cancer screening based on age, family history and individual risk
- Unexplained rectal bleeding or blood in stool
- Chronic diarrhea, altered bowel habits, or suspected Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
- Polyp surveillance or personal/family history of colon polyps
Key Benefits & Advantages
Required Patient Preparation
What to Expect During the Procedure
- Sedation options are discussed to reduce discomfort; the experience varies.
- The colonoscope examines the complete colon length in 30–45 minutes.
- Suitable polyps may be removed; others may require a separate treatment plan.
- Post-procedure summary and report are shared immediately.
Risks, alternatives and recovery
The team should explain alternatives and risks, including bleeding, perforation, infection and reactions to sedation. ERCP also carries a risk of pancreatitis. Risk depends on your health and the treatment performed.
Follow your own written preparation and discharge instructions. Do not change blood thinners or diabetes medicines without advice. After sedation, arrange an escort and avoid driving until the clinical team says it is safe.
When should I get urgent help?
Seek urgent care for severe or worsening pain, fever, breathing difficulty, vomiting blood or significant bleeding after a procedure. Procedure time, discharge and results vary; contact the treating team for your plan.
Frequently asked questions
When is colonoscopy required?
It may be recommended for bleeding, persistent bowel symptoms, suspected inflammation, polyp follow-up or cancer screening. The decision depends on your history and individual risk, not symptoms alone.